Recombinant DNA. A researcher's hand holds a tube of agarose 'plugs' containing recombinant human and yeast DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid). The 'plugs' are blocks of agarose gel through which DNA fragments have been separated by electrophoresis. Recombinant DNA is produced by fragmenting human DNA and attaching individual fragments to a rapidly reproducing DNA species. Such species of DNA are found in bacteria and yeast and are known as vectors. When a fragment of human DNA is 'inserted' into a vector, it has been 'cloned' as many copies of the fragment can be rapidly produced. Many copies of such fragments are essen- tial for the genetic investigation of human DNA.

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