Illustration of an insulin receptor as a glass surface model with indicated deeper ribbon model on a white background. Insulin receptors are located inside the cell membrane (transmembrane receptor). Insulin binds to the a-subunit of the receptor located outside the cell, shown in the image above. This presumably triggers a change in the shape of the receptor, which spreads inside the cell and activates the tyrosine kinases. The illustration is based on structural data from Croll, T., Smith, B.J., Margetts, M.B., Whittaker, J., Weiss, M.A., Ward, C.W., Lawrence, M.C., Li, Q., Wong, Y.L., Kang, C., Hubbard, S.R., Wei, L., Ellis, L., Hendrickson, W.A.., by medicalgraphics/F1online
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