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SpCas9 enzymes splicing DNA, illustration
Illustration showing the action of Cas9 proteins (blue) from a Streptococcus pyogenes bacterium (SpCas9). SpCas9 is an endonuclease enzyme which splices DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as a defense mechanism against bacteriophages (viruses). It does so by binding to guide RNA (ribonucleic acid, pink) which is complementary to the DNA (yellow/orange) sequence which is to be spliced. DNA can be spliced at desired locations by synthesising guide RNA, after which DNA can be spliced at desired locations by synthesising guide RNA, after which genes can be removed and/or added to an organism's genome.
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