False-colour transmission electron micrograph of Yersinia pestis (blue & yellow), the bacterium which causes bubonic plague (the Black Death). The bacterium is primarily a flea-carried pathogen of rats. Transfer to man occurs when a flea is obliged to leave its dead rodent host and feed on human blood. Infection is rapid, causing swellings in the lymph nodes (buboes) and leading to septicaemia & pulmonary infection. Extensive control measures, directed against the rats as well as their fleas, have essentially banished the plague from Europe, but there are still many regions of the world where the disease occurs. Magnification: x16,500 at 6x4.5cm size

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