Genetically modified wheat. Close-up of two ears of genetically modified (GM) wheat (Triticum sp.). Here the male reproductive parts of the plant, the anthers (yellow), have ripened and are about to release pollen grains. Genetic modification of plants involves altering their DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), the chemical which controls every part of an organism's growth and development. This modification may give the plant desirable characteristics, such as resistance to disease and herbicides. However, it is controversial whether GM foods are safe to eat, and whether it is safe to allow pollen grains from GM plants to pollinate non GM plants.