Post-mortem specimens of a sectioned normal lung (left) and a lung destroyed by bronchial cancer. The tumour appears as a white mass in the lower lobe; tissue in the upper lobe is blackened by tar deposits from cigarette smoking. The lung at left shows some blackening, possibly from environmental soot or more moderate cigarette smoking. Cancer of the bronchus arises in many cases from smoking (especially cigarette smoking); there is a marked association between dose (number of cigarettes smoked) and the risk of developing the disease. Mortality in lung cancer is high; the disease has often metastasised (spread) before detection.