Squamous cell carcinoma. An irregular scabbed growth on a patient's scalp. This is a squamous cell carcinoma, one of the three most common types of skin cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas arise from flattened 'squamous' cells in the upper layers of human skin, usually in areas that have been exposed to excessive sunlight. The cancer occurs most often in the pale-skinned and elderly. The tumour starts as a small, firm, painless lump that slowly enlarges, often resembling a wart. Without treatment it can spread cancer cells to other parts of the body with fatal results. Treatment includes surgical removal, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.