Enlarged heart. Coloured ultrasound image of the human heart showing left ventricular hypertrophy, (enlargement of the left ventricle). The heart is viewed upside down in this image, with the enlarged left ventricular chamber at upper right of image. Below this is the left atrium with the smaller right atrium of the heart at it's immediate left. Hypertrophy of the heart can be caused by high blood pressure, or failure of the mitral heart valve to control blood flow in the left ventricle. It can cause heart failure in severe cases. Ultrasound scanning uses echoes of high-frequency sound to produce images of structures within the body.