Down's syndrome diagnosis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) micrograph of Down's syndrome chromosomes (red) in a foetus' cell nuclei (blue). The FISH technique enables individual chromosomes within the nuclei to be tagged with a fluorescent dye. Here, three copies of chromosome 21 are seen in each nucleus, the cause of Down's syndrome. In a healthy human, each nucleus contains only two copies of chromosome 21. Chromosomes are the parts of a nucleus responsible for carrying the genetic code. Down's syndrome is a genetic disease which causes mental retardation and typically flattened features. It affects around 1 in every 650 babies.

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