. Headache. Teenage girl affected by headache applies an ice-pack to her forehead. The ice-pack soothes the pain by constricting blood vessels at the affected site. The pain of headache does not come from the brain, which contains no sensory nerves, but from the meninges and the scalp with its blood vessels and muscles. Common causes of headache include fever, hangover, a noisy environment, and irregular meals. Rare causes of headache are meningitis, hypertension, and brain tumours. Medical advice should be sought in the case of persistent headaches which do not respond to self-help treatment. MODEL RELEASED

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