Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease test. Gloved hands of a pathologist hold sliced human brain to be tested for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The sectioned brain will be examined anatomically for plaque protein lesions and a spongy appearance typical of the disease. CJD is caused by a virus-like prion. It infects brain tissue destroying nerve cells. Human symptoms include dementia and sudden muscle contractions, leading to death. Final diagnosis of the disease is conducted as a post-mortem in this way. There is concern that 'mad cow' disease may be the cause of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans who have eaten infected beef products.