Animal experiment. Historical artwork of animals being dissected and examined under a microscope. This illustration is taken from the book Histoire Naturelle (Natural History) by the French naturalist Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (1707-1788). This was the first modern work to attempt to deal with the whole of the natural world and eventually ran to 44 volumes. Buffon was groping towards a concept of evolution in his work. He noted that some creatures had parts that were useless to them and deduced that parts, and perhaps whole animals, might degenerate.