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Fern frond, light micrograph
Fern frond, light micrograph. Transverse section through the frond of a fern (Cyrtomium falcatum), showing the sporangia. At left is a central vascular bundle (meristele) with central xylem tissue (red) surrounded by phloem (light green). On the underside of the frond are two sori (right) each consisting of an umbrella-shaped indusium with a handle-shaped base (placenta), from which protrude numerous stalked sporangia (containing the reproductive spores). Magnification: x19 when printed at 10 centimetres wide.
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