The Four Humours with their representative animals. Choleric, with lion: Sanguine, with ape: Phlegmatic, with sheep: Melancholic, with pig. Woodcut from an early 16th century edition of the Shepheards Kalendar. Hippocrates of Cos (active c400 BC) thought behaviour and temperament were due to balance, or imbalance, of the four humours in the body.

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