View of a Galapagos finch perched in a tree
Galapagos finch. View of a Galapagos finch (family Fringillidae) perched in a tree. These finches inhabit the Galapagos Islands, a volcanic archi- pelago some 1000 kilometres west of South America which belongs to Ecuador. The study of these birds by the naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882) led to his theory of evolution through natural selection. Darwin recognised that variations in the shape of the birds' bills was due to environ- mental pressures. For instance, finches with relatively strong bills could open hard seeds in times when other food sources were scarce. Only birds with such a bill could survive and breed, passing their characteristics to their offspring.
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