YAMAGUCHI Yoshiko (Date of photograph unknown)

China / Japan: Li Xianglan, Japanese name Yoshiko Najika (born February 12, 1920) is a China-born Japanese actress and singer who made a career in China, Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States. Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States She was billed as Li Xianglan, pronounced Ri Kna Araan in Japanese. The adoption of a Chinese stage name was prompted by the Film company's economic and political motives. From this she rose to be a star and Japan-Manchuria Goodwill Ambassadress. Though in her subsequent films she was almost exclusively billed as Li Xianglan; she indeed appeared in a few as "Yamaguchi Yoshiko. Many of her films bore some degree of promotion of the Japanese national policy (in particular pertaining to the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere ideology). At the end of World War II, she was arrested by the Chinese government for treason and collaboration with the Japanese. However, she was cleared of all charges, and possibly the death penalty, since she was not a Chinese national, and thus the Chinese government could not try her for treason. And before long in 1946, she settled in Japan and launched a new acting career there under the name Yoshiko Yamaguchi. In 1974, she was elected to the House of Councillors (the upper House of the Japanese parliament), where she served for 18 years (three terms).