Ivan Papanin
(1938)
Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin (1894-1986), Soviet Arctic explorer, in Arctic clothing in 1938. During the winter of 1937-8, Papanin was leader of the Soviet ice drift station SP-1 in the Arctic, the world's first dedicated ice drift station. The four expedition members spent 234 days in the Arctic, carrying out scientific expeditions on their ice floe. Papanin had previously been on expeditions to Franz Josef Land and Cape Chelyuskin, both in the Arctic. From 1939 to 1946, he was director of operations for the USSR's Northern Sea Route. Photographed in Russia, in 1938.